1Īdaptive immune responses, the second line of defense against viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition of viral epitopes. Innate antiviral immunity includes secretion of type I interferons, antiviral cytokines, and certain cellular responses, including neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Innate immune responses are the first line of defense against viruses and are rapidly triggered when cellular pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like receptors, recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The immune system is broadly divided into the innate and adaptive immune systems. The most trusted, influential source of new medical knowledge and clinical best practices in the world. Information and tools for librarians about site license offerings. Valuable tools for building a rewarding career in health care. The authorized source of trusted medical research and education for the Chinese-language medical community. The most advanced way to teach, practice, and assess clinical reasoning skills. Information, resources, and support needed to approach rotations - and life as a resident. The most effective and engaging way for clinicians to learn, improve their practice, and prepare for board exams. NEW! Peer-reviewed journal featuring in-depth articles to accelerate the transformation of health care delivery.Ĭoncise summaries and expert physician commentary that busy clinicians need to enhance patient care.
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